ãšããŒã«ã¬ã¬ãemile galle ã¢ãŒã«ããŒããŒã®å·šå ã®æŽå² ïŒâïŒç«
ç®æ¬¡
- 1 ãã¢ãŒã«ã»ããŒãŽã©ãŒã®å·šå ããšããŒã«ã»ã¬ã¬ã
- 1.1 ã¬ã¬ãããããããã³ã·ãŒã®æ°ããªé»éæ代
- 1.2 åµé çãšãã«ã®ãŒãšçµæžçç¹æ
- 1.3 ãã³ã·ãŒæŽŸïŒãã³ã·ãŒã®è·äººã®èªåŸãå®ãããã®çµç¹ïŒ
- 1.4  âä»äºäžæ¯ïŒã¯ãŒã«ããªãã¯ïŒã®å€¢æ³å®¶â ãšããŒã«ã»ã¬ã¬
- 1.5 ç¥èŠã®ç¥ç§ãšäººéã®éåœ
- 1.6 ååè ãã¡ã®æèœãã¬ã¬ã倩æã«ãã
- 1.7 ã¯ããã«ïŒæ¬æžã®çŽ¹ä»ïŒ
ãã¢ãŒã«ã»ããŒãŽã©ãŒã®å·šå ããšããŒã«ã»ã¬ã¬ã
1999幎ãããã¯ãã³ã·ãŒã®è¡ããäžå¹ŽãéããŠã
ãã³ã·ãŒã®è¡ã®æŽå²äžæãçãçãããŠããæ代ãè€ãããããããšã
è¡å šäœã§åãå°œããã幎ã§ããð
ãã®ãã¬ãŒãå°æ¹ã®äººæãããŠããŠã掻ãããèžè¡çãªã ãŒãã¡ã³ãã®ç¥å žã«ã
ãã³ã·ãŒåžå ã®äžå¿éšã ãã§ãªããåšèŸºã®ä»ã®è¡ãå ããããã£ãã»ã©ã§ããã
ããã§ããã³ã·ãŒæŽŸã®æå°è ããã®ã©ã€ãã«ãã¡ã«ãã£ãŠ
48ãäžããªãå±èŠ§äŒãéå¬ãããã®ã§ãã
äžçäžã®çŸè¡é€šãåé«ããã©ã€ããŒãã»ã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³ããåºåãããã
æ倧èŠæš¡ã®äœå矀ãéè³ããããšãã§ãããã®å±èŠ§äŒã¯ã
75äžäººä»¥äžã®æ¥å Žè ãéããŸããâïž
å±èŠ§äŒã®äž»å¬è ã匷調ããã®ã¯ãäœåã®äžŠå€ããå€æ§ãã§ãã
ã¬ã©ã¹å·¥èžãé¶åšãå·¥èžå®¶å ·ã圩è²ã¬ã©ã¹ã
éå·¥èžãæšå·¥çŽ°å·¥ãç¹ç©çŽ°å·¥ãé©çŽ°å·¥ã«ããªããé©è£œåãè£ äžãéé軞ã
å®é£Ÿåãåºç¹ãæºæïŒããªã³ãïŒãåçãã°ã©ãã£ãã¯ã»ã¢ãŒãã»ãã¹ã¿ãŒã
ãããã®æ§ã ãªå·¥èžåãããã³ã·ãŒæŽŸã®å·šå ãã¡ãæšå¥šãã
ãã®å¯å€§ãªãè«žèžè¡ã®çµ±åãã®äžã§ã
建ç¯ã圫å»ãçµµç»ãçç»ãšé£ãåã£ãŠããŸããã
ããããŠã蚪ãã人ã ã¯ã
ãã³ãã³ãããªãããªã¥ãã»ã«ããã«ã»ãããã°ã©ã¹ãŽãŒããŠã£ãŒã³ããã«ãªã³ããã¥ã³ãã³ãã¯ã€ããŒã«ããã«ã ãã·ã¥ã¿ããã
ããã«ã·ã«ãŽãã¢ã¹ã¯ã¯ããã¥ãŒãªããããã¿ãã¹ãããã«ã¬ã¢ã
ãªã¬ãããã¯ãã«ã·ã³ãã§èªçãã
ãç掻ããšãããã¹ãŠã®èžè¡ãšå»ºç¯ã®ä¿®åŸ©ã«ããæ°ã ã®å Žæããããäžã§ã
ãã³ã·ãŒæŽŸãæãéèŠããŠãããã®ãçãçããšæããããšãã§ããã®ã§ãð
èžè¡æŽ»åã«é¢ããŠãšãŒãããéäžã®èŠ³å¯çŒãæã€äººã ãèŠèª€ãããšã¯ãããŸããã§ããã
äŸãã°ããã€ãã®ããããèžè¡æ¹è©å®¶ã ã£ããŠãªãŠã¹ã»ãã€ã€ãŒ=ã°ã©ãŒãã§ã¯ã
ãã³ã·ãŒã¯ããã©ã³ã¹ã§æãéèŠãªèžè¡ç£æ¥ã®äžå¿å°ã ãšèŠãªããŠããŸãããã
ãã®æ代ã®æãæèœããããå€æãªèžè¡å®¶ã®äžäººã ã£ã
ãã«ã®ãŒäººã®ã¢ã³ãªã»ãŽã¡ã³ã»ãã»ãŽã§ã«ãããŸãã
圌ãåºããç¬èªã®é 圢çãªçããšãã³ã·ãŒæŽŸãèŠåºããçãã«ã¯
æãããªéãããã£ãã®ã«ããããããã
1894幎ã«ã¯ãã§ã«
ããã®äžçŽã®çµããã«èµ·ãã£ãŠããé倧ãªããšãç¥ããããã®ã¯çããã³ã·ãŒãžæ ã«åºãã
ãšæèšããããããŸããã§ããã
åã幎ããŽã§ã«ãã®åé·äººã§ããããã®æåãªã20人å±ããäž»å°ãããªã¯ã¿ãŒãã»ã¢ãŒã¹ã¯ã
ãã¢ãŒã«ã»ã¢ãã«ããèªã«èºèºãã次ã®ããã«æžããŠããŸãã
ãåæ代ã®èžè¡æŽ»åã«æ±ºå®çãªåœ±é¿ãäžããŠããéœåžãããã°ãã¬ãŒãã ã
ãšããŒã«ã»ã¬ã¬ãã«ããŒã«ã»ãã¿ã³ããŽã£ã¯ããŒã«ã»ãã«ãŒãŽã§ãšãã
ãã®å€ãã®å€©æãã¡ãããã®ã¯ãã³ã·ãŒã ã
è£ é£Ÿèžè¡ã®ã«ãããµã³ã¹ã®æã®éã鳎ããã®ã¯ããã³ã·ãŒã§ããããâš
ã¬ã¬ãããããããã³ã·ãŒã®æ°ããªé»éæ代
19äžçŽã®æåŸã®äžåæ°å¹Žã¯ã
ãã³ã·ãŒãç¹å¥ãªæŽå²çæ å¢ã®æ©æµãåããæ代ã§ããã
1866幎ã®ããã©ã³ã¹ãšãã¬ãŒãå ¬é ã®äœµåçŸåšå¹Žã«èŠãããããã«ã
ãã³ã·ãŒã¯ã倧èŠæš¡ãªäººå£å¢å ãšãã¬ãŒãå°æ¹å šäœã«å€åãªå©çãããããã
ç£æ¥é©åœã«ããçµæžçãªæåã«ãã£ãŠåºæ¥äžãã£ã
楜芳䞻矩ã«æµžã£ãŠããŸããð
ã§ãããïŒå¹ŽåŸãæ®ä»æŠäºã®åçãªçµæ«ã«ãã£ãŠã
ã€ãŸãã¹ãã³ã®è»äºçãªæåãšãã©ã³ã¯ãã«ãæ¡çŽã®æªçœ®
ãã¢ã«ã¶ã¹ã»ãã¬ãŒãå²è²ãš50åãã©ã³ã®è³ åéããã
éã«ãã®ãã¬ãŒãå°æ¹ã®çºå±ã倧ããå éãããŠããããšã«ãªããŸãã
ããªãžã£ã³ã®äžå€®é暩䞻矩ã«ææèç«ã€ããšããã£ããã³ã·ãŒã®è¡ã¯ã
ç¬ç«åœããã¬ãŒãå ¬åœãã ã£ãæ°äžçŽãçµãŠãåœå¢ã®è¡ãšãªããŸãã
以éããã³ã·ãŒã®è¡ã¯ãèªä¿¡ãæã£ãŠçµæžçãªãç¥çãªäžå¿å°ãšãªãã
ããã«ã¯ãã©ã³ã¹æ±éšã®è»äºçãªäžå¿å°ã«ããªã£ãŠããã®ã§ãã
ãããŠããç§åŠãšèžè¡ã®ã¹ãã³ããæã¡è² ããããšèºèµ·ã«ãªã£ãŠãããŸãðšðš
ããã¯ããã³ã·ãŒã®è¡ãããšããšæã£ãŠãããšãã«ã®ãŒã«ã
䜵åããããã¬ãŒããã¢ã«ã¶ã¹ã®çãçããšããåã
å ããããšã«ãªããŸããã
ãšããã®ã¯ã
ãã³ã·ãŒã¯ããã©ã³ã¹ã«æ®ãããšãéžæããåŸé£ã人ã ãè¿ãå ¥ããã®ã§ãã
ãã®äººã ãšã¯ã
éåžžã«åªç§ãªåŸæ¥å¡ãæ±ããå®æ¥å®¶ããç¥è人ãåŠè ãå人ã
ãšã³ãžãã¢ãèžè¡å®¶ãªã©ã
éåžžã«è²Žéãªæèœãæã£ãã»ãŒãã¹ãŠã®åéã®è·äººãã¡ã§ããð³
è¡æ¿ãè»äºã倧åŠãåæ¥ãå·¥æ¥ãéèã«æœåšçãªèœåã®é«ãŸããšãšãã«ã
1866幎ã«ã¯äººå£4äž9000人ã ã£ããã³ã·ãŒã®è¡ã¯ã
1910幎ã«ã¯12äžäººãšãªããŸãð
ãã®æ°å幎ã§ã
ãã³ã·ãŒã¯ãå€æ°ã®åžæ°ã®ããã®å»ºç©ãå®æçãªå»ºç©ã建ãŠã
å€ãã®æ°ããå°åãäœãåºã巚倧ãªå·¥äºçŸå ŽãšãªããŸããã
ãã¹ãŠã®å·¥äºçŸå Žã§ãé©ãã¹ãèœåãæã£ã倧éã®èžè¡å®¶ãšè·äººãåããŠããŸããã
åæã«ãâç掻âãšããèžè¡ããçã¿åºããããããããå®¶å ·èª¿åºŠã®åã ã
ã€ãŸã家ã®èšåã«å¯ŸããéèŠã¯ã
èŽ æ²¢åã§ãã£ãŠããã£ãšè³ªçŽ ãªãã®ã§ãã£ãŠããäžããç¶ããŸããð€
éå»ã«å ¬åœã®éŠéœã§ãã£ããã³ã·ãŒã®è¡ã¯ã
ãŸã17äžçŽã«ãè¡ã®ç»å®¶ãçç»ãã¡ããã€ã¿ãªã¢ãå ¬åœã®å®®å»·ã ãã§ãªã
ãã©ã³ã¹ã®å®®å»·ã§åŒ·çãªå°è±¡ãæ®ããŸããã
次ã«ã18äžçŽã«ã¯å»ºç¯å®¶ãšããã¥ãšã«ã»ãšã¬ãã¹ã¿ãã¹ã©ã¹åºå Žãèšèšããäžå¿ã«ã
ããããå·¥èžå®¶ããç»å®¶ã圫å»å®¶ãè£ é£Ÿå®¶ãéå¶è·äººãç³å·¥ãå·Šå®ãå®¶å ·è·äººãéãã£ãå·¥ãéé现工垫ããåè¶ãããŸãšãŸããæã£ãŠã
ä»æ¥ããŠãã¹ã³ã®äžçéºç£ã«ç»é²ãããéœåžèšç»ãšå»ºç¯ç©ã®åäœ
ãã¹ã¿ãã¹ã©ã¹åºå Žãã«ãªãšãŒã«åºå Žãã¢ãªã¢ã³ã¹åºå Žãã®åµé ã«å¯äžããŸããã
ãããªãé»éæ代ããä»äžåºŠãæ°ãã«äœãåºããããšããè¡ã®éæã«å¿ãããã®ããã«ã
ãã¹ãŠãæŽã£ãŠããããã«èŠããŸããâšâš
åµé çãšãã«ã®ãŒãšçµæžçç¹æ
ãã®ææã«ãç«ã®èžè¡ïŒé¶èžïŒããã£ãšããŸã°ããèŒããçµéšããŸããâïž
ãã¬ãŒãã®é¶åšã¯ãçåœäžçŸãããšè©å€ã§ããã
ã¬ã©ã¹è£œé ã®è·äººã®ä»äºã¯ãã¯ããæãããã£ãšãæ ããç£æ¥ã®ã²ãšã€ã§ãããã
ãã®ææã«ãŸã䞊å€ããçºå±ãéããããšã«ãªã£ãã®ã§ãã
ã·ã£ã«ã«ã»ã¬ã¬ããªãŒã®ã¥ã¹ãã»ããžã§ã¬ã«ããžã£ã³ã»ããŒã ãšãã£ã
ãç¶èŠªäžä»£ãã®ãã€ãªãã¢ãã¡ãã次ã®äžçŽã«ãã³ã·ãŒãã倧ãã¬ãŒããã®è«žéœåžã
åæ¥ã®çç£ã»è²©å£²ã®å°ãšããããšãã§ããã®ãã
ãã®ææã®é¶èžå®¶ãã¡ãé«ãè©äŸ¡ãåŸãŠãããããã§ããã
çµæžçãªç¹æ ãšåµé çãšãã«ã®ãŒãç«ã¡èŸŒããäžã§ã
ãã³ã·ãŒäººã®éå»ã«æã¡ç«ãŠãæ å ãåãæ»ããããšããéæãã
ãã³ã·ãŒæŽŸãçŸããäžã€ã®åååã«ãªã£ããšãããã§ãããðŒ
è£ é£Ÿèžè¡ã®åéã§ã®èŒãã°ããã®æåããã®å¥è·¡ã¯ã
äœããããŸãããã®éåã®ç²Ÿç¥ã§ããä¿¡ä»°ãã§ãã£ããšããŒã«ã»ã¬ã¬ã
倩æçãªäººã§ãã£ãããåŸããããã®ã§ãã
1900幎5æ17æ¥ãã¬ã¬ã¯ãã象城çè£ é£Ÿããšé¡ããŠã
èªç¶ãç§åŠãè©©ããããŠææžã®çŸã«å¯Ÿããçã®ä¿¡ä»°ãåçœãã
ãšããŒã«ã»ã¬ã¬ã®å ¥äŒè¬æŒãè¡ããŸããã
ããã«å¯Ÿããç»å®¶ã§ããå®æ¥å®¶ã§ãããã
ã¢ã«ãããŒã»ãã»ã¹ã©ãã¹ã©ã¹äŒé·ã·ã£ã«ã«ã»ãã»ã¡ã¹ã¢ãã³ã»ãã»ãã³ããŒã«ã
äžããå€æã«ãæ矩ãå±ããããªã©ãšã¯èª°ã倢ã«ãæããªãã»ã©ã
ã¬ã¬ããã®ææã«æããã圹å²ãšããã®ã¯å€§ããªãã®ã§ããã
ã¡ã¹ã¢ãã³ã»ãã»ãã³ããŒã«èªèº«ããã³ã·ãŒã®æåçã§éèŠãªå°äœãå ãã
å°æ¬ãšæ¬æãéããŠããŸãããã
ãã®åœŒãããã¬ãŒããèžè¡ã«ãããŠèŒãããæ å ãåŸãã®ã¯ã¬ã¬ã®ãããã§ããð
ã¬ã¬ã«ãã£ãŠçŸè¡ç£æ¥ã¯ãã äžæ°ããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã
å ãã£ããã®ãæ¹è¯ããŠå·æ°ããŸããã
ãã¬ãŒãã«æšé²åãäžãããããã®æšé²åãã
æ°ããã«å€¢äžã«ãªã£ããã¹ãŠã®åœã«ç¬ãéã«åºãŸã£ãã®ã¯ã
ã¬ã¬ã®ãããã ãšåœŒã¯èããŠããŸããã
ã貎殿ã®æããããä»äºã®æ°ãšãã®å€æ§ãã¯æ°ãåãããã®ã§ã¯ãããŸããâŠã
ãã®é©ãã¹ãåŽåããã³ã·ãŒã®è£ 食èžè¡ã®çºå±ã®ã
ãŸãã«æŽå²ãäœã£ãã®ã§ãããŸããã
ãã³ã·ãŒæŽŸïŒãã³ã·ãŒã®è·äººã®èªåŸãå®ãããã®çµç¹ïŒ
ã¬ã¬ã確åºããæå¿ã§å®ãç¶ããããšããã®ã¯ã
ãã¬ãŒãå°æ¹ããã³ã·ãŒã®è¡ã«å®éã«æ·±ãæ ¹ä»ããŠãããã®ã§ããã
ããžã£ãŒã»ãã«ã¯ã¹ã¯ã¬ã¬ã«ã€ããŠ
ã享楜家ãæé€äººããããŠåè家ãžã®æº¢ããæããããšãšãã«ã
圌ã¯ç¡éã®é·åæãæã£ãŠããã
ãšèšã£ãŠããŸãã
1901幎ãäžè¬ã«ãã³ã·ãŒæŽŸãšåŒã°ããå°æ¹ç£æ¥çŸè¡åäŒãåµèšããã¬ã¬ã¯ã
äœããããŸãããªãªãžããªãã£ãšç¬ç«æ§ãå®ãããšã倧äºã«ããŠããŸããð
圌ã¯ãã³ã·ãŒã®è¡ã
ãèžè¡ã®åçãšããŠããç£æ¥ã®æ»æŽ»åé¡ã«é¢ããåçãšããŠãã
å®å šãªèªåŸãæ±ããå°æ¹ãã«ããããšãå¿ããé¡ã£ãŠããŸããã
1904幎ã
ãã³ã·ãŒæŽŸãšçŸè¡åã®äŒãšã®å ±å¬ã«ããã
æ°é±éåã«äº¡ããªã£ããšããŒã«ã»ã¬ã¬ãè®ããŠã
ã®ã£ã©ãªãŒã»ãã¯ã¬ã«ã§å€§ããªå±èŠ§äŒãéãããŸããð
ãã®éããã³ã·ãŒæŽŸå§å¡äŒã¯ã1894幎ã«åãå Žæã§ããäžã€ã®å±èŠ§äŒã§è¡ã£ã
ãè£ é£ŸçŸè¡å±ããã³ã·ãŒåžè£ 食çŸè¡é€šã®ããšã«ãªãããšãã宣èšãã
èªãããã£ãŠæãèµ·ããããšèšŽããŸããðš
ãšããŒã«ã»ã¬ã¬ã®åŸç¶è ã§ããšããŒã«æŽŸã®äŒé·ã¯ãã宣èšããŸããã
ãïŒãã®å±èŠ§äŒã¯ïŒèžè¡å®¶ãšè·äººãçµã³ã€ãã極ããŠçšãªããšã«ã
ããªãæºæ³ãšããªãæ§ããçºæ³ãè¡šæããã
äžå°æ¹ã ãã§ç«æŽŸã«ãã£ãŠã®ããèªåãã¡èªèº«ã®åãšäŒçµ±ã®ãã¡ã«ã
çæ¯ãã倧èããåå¥ãèŠåºãã
ããããäžåºŠãªãã¬é害ããèªåãã¡ãæãããšã«ãªãããš
ã確ãããã®ã¯åã³ã ã£ããã
ãŽã£ã¯ããŒã«ã»ãã«ãŒãŽã§ã¯ã
ä»ã®å°æ¹ã®äžå¿éœåžã«ãé¡äŒŒã®å£äœãäœããããšãã
ã¬ã¬ã®é«æœãªéæãåŒãç¶ããèªãããã«ããè¿°ã¹ãŸããð
ãå°æ¹ã§ãçŽ æŽãããææ¬ãšãªããããªãããåå©ããªããšãããããããšãïŒã
ããŒã«ã»ãã«ããªãŒã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«æžããŠããŸãã
ããŽã£ã¯ããŒã«ã»ãã«ãŒãŽã§ã«ãšã£ãŠã
ã¬ã¬ã¯ãå°å¹Žæ代ããææ ãšå°æ¬ãšãã匷ãçµã§çµã°ããååšã
æ£ç¢ºã«ã¯ãåž«å ãšèšãããããè奮ãšåºæ¿ãäžããŠãããååšã§ããâšâšâš
ã¬ã¬ã¯ãèžè¡ã¯åºå€§ãªãã®ã§ãããããããèžè¡ã¯ãã®ã²ãšã€ã§ããããšã
ãã¹ãŠã«ã壺ã«ããèžè¡ã¯ååšãããããšã
èžè¡ãšããã®ã¯ã人éã®åã§çã¿åºããããã®ã§ããã°
äœã§ããæ¹è¯ãçŸãããã®ããããšãã§ããã
æãåµé ããæ¹æ³ã ãšãã確信ãæã£ãŠããŸããã
ãããã圌ã®ç¢ºä¿¡ãéããŠããã«ãŒãŽã§ã¯ã
ã¬ã¬ã«å¯Ÿããæ§æ¬ã®å¿µãæ·±ãããŠãã£ãã®ã§ãã
ãã®ãã«ããªãŒã®ææã¯ãã¬ã¬ã«å¯ŸããŠæ¬ç©ã®æ¬æã®å¿µãæ±ããã¹ãŠã®èžè¡å®¶ã
è·äººãèžè¡ã«é¢ãã£ãŠåãè ã«åœãŠã¯ãŸããŸãã
ã€ãŸã圌ã®ä¿¡å¿µãšã¯ãè£ é£ŸçŸè¡ã®æ£åœæ§ããããå¿ èŠæ§ã§ãã
ãããã¯ããã£ãã²ãšã€ã®å°éåéã«éããããã®ã§ãã
ç»å®¶ãã圫å»å®¶ã圫ãåž«ãªã©ãäœãã²ãšã€ã ãã«ãªããããšæãããšã§ããªãã
çã®å®ç§ãªèžè¡å®¶ãªãã°ããã®ãã¹ãŠã«ãªããããšæãã¹ãã ãšããããšã§ãâŠâŠãã
ãã®äžãããªã®çŸè¡åŠæ ¡ãåºãŠã
ãã³ã·ãŒã®åµé æ§æº¢ããé°å²æ°ã«åŒãå¯ããããŠã
ãã³ã·ãŒã«æ»ã£ãŠããããšã決ããè¥ãå·¥èžå®¶ã建ç¯å®¶ãç»å®¶ã圫å»å®¶ãã¡ã®å€ããã
ã¬ã¬ã®äººæãææ¬ãšãã¹ããã®è¡åã«é äºãããŸããã
圌ãã¯ãè£ é£Ÿå®¶ãé¶èžå®¶ãéæ²»è·äººãè£ æ¬åž«ãå®¶å ·è·äººãšãªã£ãŠã
çŸè¡ç£æ¥ã«å žåçãªè·æ¥ã¢ãã«ãäœçŸããã ãã«çãŸããã
ïŒç€ŸäŒçå°äœãäžãããšã¯èããïŒã
èºèºãªãè€æ°ã®è·èœãæã€è·äººã«ãªãããšããŸããð¥
 âä»äºäžæ¯ïŒã¯ãŒã«ããªãã¯ïŒã®å€¢æ³å®¶â ãšããŒã«ã»ã¬ã¬
ãã®èäœã§ãä»ãªãäžçäžã§å€ãã®ãã¡ã³ã®éã§ååŒãããã¬ã¬ã®äœåã®è©©çãªåã
圱é¿åãããã°ã«ãªã¹ãæ§ã®åŠ¥åœæ§ã蚌æããã®ã¯ã
ãã©ã³ãœã¯ã»ã«ã»ã¿ã³ã³ã®å€§ããªå瞟ã§ãã
ãããŸã§ã¬ã¬ã«ã€ããŠé èœãããããå©æ²ããããã
ãããã¯éå°è©äŸ¡ãããŠããããšã«ãã ããã
ã¿ã³ã³ã¯ãã¬ã¬ã®ããŸãã«ãçãç涯ãã
èšå€§ãªç 究ãéããŠèª å®ã«åæ§ç¯ããŠããŸãã
ãšãã¥ã¢ãŒã«ã»ããŒã«ã«èšãããã°ã
ã¬ã¬ã¯ãååºãã人ç©ã§ã圌ã«ã¯èªãé«ãã絶察çãªèª å®ããããã
ãã®çãæ¹ã«ã¯éã®æã¡æã®ãªãæ£ããããã£ããç·ã
ãŸã圌ã¯ãããŒãŠã£ã³ã®èäœãšã²ãŒãã®èªç¶å²åŠã«è²ãŸãããã®ç§åŠçæèãæã€
ãäžæµã®åŠè ãã¡ã®ã¬ãã«ã«ãã£ããèªç¶äž»çŸ©è ã§ãããã
æ£çŸ©ãšäººæš©ãæåœè ãšãã¬ãã¥ã¹æŽŸã®ããã«æŠãã
æå§ããããã¹ãŠã®äººã®åæ¢ãªæè·è ã
ãžã£ãããºã ã解ããäžæµã®åŠè ãæåŠè ãé³æ¥œå®¶ãã¡ã®å°æ¬ãšã
ããã«ã¯åæ ãåã¡åã£ãåµé è ïŒã¯ãªãšãŒã¿ãŒïŒã
æ¥åžžç掻ã®è£ 食ãå·æ°ãã䜿åœã®ããã«èº«ãæ§ãã
èžè¡åµäœãçããå°ãããšã説ãããã¹ãŠã«èžè¡ãããã
ãã¹ãŠã®äººã®æã«å±ããšããã«èžè¡ãããããšãæãã 粟ç¥çæå°è ã
ãŠãŒãŽãŒãããŒãã¬ãŒã«ããŽã§ã«ã¬ãŒãããããŠè±¡åŸŽäž»çŸ©äœå®¶ãã¡ã®
äœåãæãã詩人ãçäœã競äºãšããéé ·ãªåé¡ã«ç«ã¡åããèžè¡å®¶ã§ãã補é æ¥è ã
çºè¡è ããããŠè²©å£²æ¥è ã§ããã£ãææãªçµå¶è ã
æšã ãæ€ç©ã«è©³ããçµéšè±ããªæ€ç©åŠè ã
ã©ããããééçãªããªã®ãµãã³ã«è¿ãå ¥ãããã瀟亀人ã
ä»äºäžæ¯ïŒã¯ãŒã«ããªãã¯ïŒã®å€¢æ³å®¶ã
èäœçã«è匱ã§ãç ã«èãŸããªããã
䞊å€ãããšãã«ã®ãŒã§æŽç·Žãããåäœãäœãç¶ããç·ðð
äžèŠççŸããå€ãã®ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãã¬ã¬ã®äžã§åå± ããŠããŠã
圌ã®æèœãã¬ã¬ãçºæ®ãåŸãé åãçã¿åºãåååãšãªã£ãŠããã®ã¯ã
ãŸãã«ã¬ã¬ã®ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒå šãŠã調åããŠãããããããªã®ã§ãã
ãã®ããšããåã ã®èªã¿æãæ°ã¥ãã«ã¯ãæ¬èäœã§ã®é·ãæ¢æ±ã
ãã®å¿è匷ãã泚ææ·±ããç¥çãªåæãäžå¯æ¬ ã§ããã
ããŸããŸãªãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãã¹ãŠãçžäºã«æ··ããåã圱é¿ããã£ãŠã
ç涯ã«ããã次第ã«çæããããã£ãšãè±ããªäœåãçã¿åºããŠ
èŠäºãªéè±ãæãããŸããðºðºðº
ããžã§ã»ãã«ã¯ã¹ã¯èšããŸãã
ããã®ãããªè³å®ã¯ããããªãææãããçãŸãåºãªãã£ããã
ãã以äžã«ç²Ÿç¥ã«æãŠããªã倢ã®æãéãã ãã®åããããã®ãç§ã¯ç¥ããªãã
ç¥èŠã®ç¥ç§ãšäººéã®éåœ
äœåã¯ãå šãŠã®èŒ©åºããããã®ã®Â âæè¯ç©âãšãããŸããã
æèŠãææ§ãææ ã倢ãåµãæã®éãã®ãã®ãæè¯ãããã®ã§ããããŸãð«
èªç¶äž»çŸ©è»ã®ç§åŠã¯ãæ¡å€§ã匷åºãªãã®ã«ãªãã°ãªãã»ã©ã
ã¢ã³ãã¬ã»ãã¥ãŽã§ãªãšãèšããšããã®ç¥ç§äž»çŸ©ãžãšåãã£ãŠãããŸãã
ãã¥ãŽã§ãªãšã¯ãã¬ã¬ã
ãæèŠãšäººéã®éåœã®ç¥ç§ã«âãããåœããã®ãã®ã§ãã£ãŠãâè¿ã¥ãããšããè ã
ã ãšã¿ãªããŠããŸããã
ããŒãã¬ãŒã«ã®æèªè ã§ãã£ãã¬ã¬ã¯ã
èªç¶ãšããããã®ãèå³ãªå¯ºé¢ãããå³ããªèšèãã
ãã£ãšããæãåããç解ããããšãã§ããããã«ãªãã
ãããåžåãã圢ãçŽ æãè²ããè²èª¿ãè¶ãéæ床ãå€ããããšãã§ããã®ã§ãã
ååŠè ã«ããŠé¬éè¡åž«ãã¬ã©ã¹è·äººã«ããŠå®ç³çŽ°å·¥è·äººã ã£ãã¬ã¬ã¯ã
æ°ããããæ¹ãçµã¿åãããçºæããŠã
ç©è³ªãæã€ç¡éã®å¯èœæ§ã«å¯Ÿããä¿¡é Œã倧ããããŠããã
床ã ãå¶ç¶ã«åŸã幞éãªãµãžã§ã¹ãã§ã³ã糧ã«åœŒã®æ³ååã倧ããããŠãã£ãã®ã§ãã
ãã«ã©ã¡ã¯ãèšèªã®éçããèŠåºããŸãããã
å·¥èžåãããšãã°è±åšã¯ã
ã倢ã®ããã«å£ããããããææ³ã®ããã«ç Žå£ã§ããªãããã®ã§ãã
å·¥èžåã¯ãå倧ãªå·šå ãã¡ã®çµµç»ãšåçã®ãã®ãªãããã
æŸå°ç·ãšåãããã«åºããåãæã«å ¥ãããã
é³æ¥œã®ããã«ãããããã®æèŠãæèãææ ã«åæã«èšŽãã
ãå¹»æ³ãšè³éŠããšããæåãäžããããšèšã£ãã
æ£åœãªéæãè²ãããšãã§ããã®ã§ãð¥
ããŒã«ã»ã¯ããŒãã«ã®ãç 人ã倢ããèžè¡è«éãçŒã¯èŽãããã¯ã
ç§ã®äž»åŒµã確ããªãã®ã«ããŠãããŸãã
ãå®éãè±åšã¯ãããããã£ãšèŠãŠã
åšå²ãèŠãªãããã«ããã ãã§ã¯äžååã§ãã£ãŠã
è±åšãæã«ãšããäž¡ã®çŒã ãã§ãªãã
10æ¬ã®æå ã®æèŠã§æãããããç解ããæã§è§Šããå³ããã
ãã®éæãæãåãããšãå¿ èŠã§ããã
æ¥ãæ¥ãæ¥ãæ¥ããã©ãã人éé¢ããå Žæã§ã
å€èŠã®æèŠãåãã¡åãã¹ãã§ããâŠâŠãã
ããããèžè¡äœåã®è±ããã«å°éããããšã¯ã
ã¬ã¬ã«ãšã£ãŠã¯æçµçãªãè€çŸã§ã¯ãªãã
ãã¡ãžã£ãŒããšèšãããèžè¡ãšããã€ããŒããšèŠãªãããããšã
é åºã«æåŠããèžè¡ã®éã®å¹³çã説ãã
ç²ãç¥ããã®äŒéè ã®ãé·ãæ¢æ±ã®å ãèŒãåž°çµã ã£ãã®ã§ã¯ãªãã§ããããïŒ
ååè ãã¡ã®æèœãã¬ã¬ã倩æã«ãã
ããã§ãããäžã€ã®ãã£ãšããããããªå¥è·¡ã«ã€ããŠè©±ããŸãããã
ããã¯ãã¬ã¬ãšãã®ååè ãã¡ãšã®å ±çé¢ä¿ã®ããšã§ãð¬
ã¬ã¬èªèº«ãæãããè²¢ç®ãããšãéå°è©äŸ¡ããããšããŠã
ïŒãç§å人ã®äœåã¯ãšããããæããããããã¯å·é ·ãªåœ¹å²ã®çµæ¶ãšãªãããšã倢èŠãããšã«ããã®ã§ããïŒã
ã¬ã¬ã¯ã€ãã«ãå ±åå¶äœã§ããããšãååè ãã¡ããããã®å瞟ãéç«ãããããšã
圌ãã®ååãäžåã®åè³è ãªã¹ãã«èšèŒãããããšãæãã§ããŸããã
ã¬ã¬ã¯ãäŒæ¥äž»ãšããŠã¯ãçç£æ§ãåŽåã®è³ªã補æ³äžã®ç§å¯ã®ä¿æã
åçæ§ïŒã€ãŸãäŒæ¥ã®åç¶ïŒã«å ¥å¿µã«çæããªããã°ãªããŸããã§ããã
ã§ãããã¬ã¬ã®é«æœã§çµ¶å¯Ÿçã«èª å®ãªäººæããã®æèœã®æåããåã
æ£çŸ©æãäžäººäžäººãžã®æ°é ããçŸè¡ç£æ¥ã«å®çŽãªè·äººä»äºãæ®ããŠããããšããæå¿ã
ã®ã«ãççŸåŸ³ãçŽ æïŒãããªã¢ã«ïŒãšã®ææ çãªçµã³ã€ãã
ãããããããã¬ã¬ã«çããã®å°æ¬ãšè³åãåŸãããçç±ã§ããã
ããããçããè³åããä»ã®äœãããäžå¯æ¬ ã ãšããããšããããã§ãããã
ãªããªããã¬ã¬ã¯ããã¶ã€ããŒã§ãé³å補é å·¥ã§ãã
å¹ãã¬ã©ã¹è·äººã§ãã°ã©ãã¥ãŒã«è·äººã§ãååŠæåž«ã§ããªãã
å·¥èžäœåãæ§æ³ãå®äœåãããã¹ãŠã®å±é¢ã
ææ¡ãçµ±å¶ããããšãã§ããªããŠã¯ãªããªããã£ãããã§ãã
ããã¯ã€ãŸããã¬ã¬ã®é ã®ãªãã§æ§æ³ããŠãããªããžã§ã
é ã®äžã®çæ³çãªã€ã¡ãŒãžãšé³æ¥œã§ãããã®ãªããžã§ã®é 圢çãªã¯ãªãªãã£ãš
è©©çãªåãå®å šã«ä¿ã¡ç¶ããããšãªã®ã§ãã
ãã®å€©æçäœæ²å®¶å ŒãªãŒã±ã¹ãã©ã»ãã¹ã¿ãŒã¯ã
åæŒå¥è ãã¡ãšã®æ倧éã®åæãåŸãããšãå¿ èŠã§ããã
äžæ¹åæŒå¥è ãã¡ã¯èªåãã¡ã®æèœã
ã€ãã«å®ç§ã®æ¥µã¿ãŸã§ãããªãããããšãå¿ èŠã ã£ãã®ã§ãã
ããã«ã¯ããªãŒã±ã¹ãã©ã»ãã¹ã¿ãŒãã圌ããçŽåŸããã
é äºããã²ãšãã²ãšãã身ã«ã€ããèœåãæåæ§ã
ãããŠç¥æ§ãç·åå¡ãããã ãã®ä¿¡é Œæ§ãš
ã«ãªã¹ãæ§ãæã£ãŠããªããã°ãªããŸããã§ããã
åŒãæãã«ãã¬ã¬ããã®ä¿¡é ŒãåŸãã¬ã¬ã®ååè ãã¡ã
ååè ãã¡ã®è åãçºæ®ãããæè¡ãæãããåæ¥ãšãšãã«ã
ã¬ã¬ã®åŒ·ãæ ç±ã圌ã®å€¢ãšéæã®æ°ŽæºãåŒãäžãã
äŸå€çãªã¬ãã«ã§ã®ææ§ã®äžèŽãç¹çŽ°ãã極ãã
èžè¡çå ±ç¯é¢ä¿ãäœãäžããããšãã§ããã®ã§ãð€
ãã©ã³ãœã¯ã»ã«ã»ã¿ã³ã³ã
ãã¬ã©ã¹å·¥èžå²äžããããŠããããã¯å®¶å ·èª¿åºŠã®æŽå²ã«ãããŠãæ倧ã®åäœã
ãšèããŠãããããããå€æããšå€æ®ããããè»èãæ¯ããæµ·è»ãšè²æ®»ã®æãã¯ã
ãã®ååé¢ä¿ããçãŸãããšããããšããå¿ããŠã¯ãããªãç¹ã§ãã
ãªããªããã¬ã¬ãžã®åŒ·ããªããŒãžã¥ãã
ã¬ã¬ã®çããæãã«å°ããã
圌ã®äœåã補äœãããã¹ãŠã®äººãæ£åœã«è©äŸ¡ããããšã«ãªãããã§ãã
ã¯ããã«ïŒæ¬æžã®çŽ¹ä»ïŒ
æ¬æžã¯ããšããŒã«ã»ã¬ã¬ã«ã¯æã«ççŸãããæ°ãåããªãé¡ãããããšãæãåºããã®ã§ãããããšãã°ã¬ã¬ã«ã¯ãé²æ©äž»çŸ©è ãæµè¡ã®ããªã®ãµãã³ã«åºå ¥ãããããªã§ãã£ãšãæåãªå¥³æ§ãã¡ãšèŠªãããã瀟亀家ã詩人ãæé€äººã人é䞻矩è ïŒãã¥ãŒããã¹ãïŒãæ€ç©åŠè ãç§åŠè ãèžè¡å®¶ãå®æ¥å®¶ã®é¡ãããããšãã«ãã¬ã¬ã®èªç¶ã«å¯Ÿããç§åŠçã¢ãããŒãããããŠã¬ã¬ã®èžè¡çé²åã«ãããŠããã®çç©ã®æ§é ç 究ãæããã圹å²ã«éç¹ããããŠããããããã¯ããªã®çŸè¡è©è«å®¶ã¬ã¹ãã³ã»ãŽã¡ã¬ã³ããšæèŠãåãããããã®ã§ããããŽã¡ã¬ã³ãã¯1910幎ã«æ¬¡ã®ããã«æžããŠããããã®èžè¡å®¶ãç解ããã«ã¯ãèåãªææ³å®¶ãå²åŠè ããããã¯è©©äººã®äœåãèªãããšãããã«ã¯èªç¶ã«ã€ããŠã®çè«çç§åŠçç 究ãã圌ã®é¢å¿ããã®ç 究ã®äžã§ãã©ãã«äœçœ®ã¥ããããŠããããç¥ãããšãå¿ èŠã§ãããã
ãŸããšããŒã«ã»ã¬ã¬ãåããæè²ããããŠåœŒã®è·æ¥ç掻ã«åœ±é¿ãäžããã§ãããèŠçŽ ãåæãããã€ãã§ã¬ã¬ã®ç§åŠçãã€èžè¡çæ¥çžŸãç·æ¬ããã圌ã®äººãšãªãã®èŒªéãããæ確ã«ããããã«ããŸãåæã®äŒèšãããªãã¡ã«ã€ã»ããŒã³ãŒ(1903)ãããžã§ã»ãã«ã¯ã¹ïŒ1904ïŒããžã¥ãŒã«ã»ã¢ã³ãªãŽã©ãŒïŒ1911ïŒã«åºã¥ããã€ãã§è¿å¹Žã®èäœââæ°ã¯å°ãªãããŸãã¬ã¬ã®ãã¹ãŠã®åŽé¢ãæ±ã£ãŠããããã§ããªããââã§ã¯ããã£ãªããã»ã¬ã«ã(1976)ããã©ã³ãœã¯ãŒãºïŒãã¬ãŒãºã»ã·ã£ã«ãã³ãã£ãš(1978)ããã«ã³ãã»ããŒã±ã³ãšã¹ (1982)ããã£ãªããã»ãã£ãšããŒïŒãã©ã³ãœã¯ãŒãºïŒãã¬ãŒãºã»ã·ã£ã«ãã³ãã£ãš (1985)ããã£ãªããã»ãã£ãšã㌠(1991)ãåç §ãããè«æã§ã¯ãã¬ã¬ã®äœåã人ãšãªãã«ã€ããŠæžããããã®ãããšããŒã«ã»ã¬ã¬ã«ããèäœïŒæ°å€ãæžãããèšäºã»è«æãåºçãããŠããèŠæžã66æ¬ãæçš¿18ç¹ã®ã»ããæªåè¡ã®æåž³ãšèŠæžãããïŒã詳现ã«åæãããã®ãªã©ãæ°ãåããªãã»ã©ã®ãã®ã䞹念ã«èª¿ã¹ããææžãã®æžç°¡ã¯èšå€§ãªæ°ããããã¬ã¬èªèº«ãèªåã¯æ¥ã«25éã®æçŽãæžãããšæèšããŠããã1908幎ã«ãã¬ã¬ã®åŠ»ã¢ã³ãªãšããã»ã¬ã¬ïŒã°ãªã ããæ£åšããŠãã倫ã®åè¡ç©ãéããŠãçŸè¡è«éãïŒÃcrits pour l’artïŒãšããŠåºçããŠããããã®åæžãã§ãã¢ã³ãªãšããã¯ããã®æ¬ã¯ãšããŒã«ã»ã¬ã¬ãæããŠãã ãã£ãæ¹ã ã«åãããããã®ã§ããã¿ãªããã®åã®ãç涯ããšãæžç°¡ãã«ã€ããŠã¯ããã®åºçãŸã§ãåŸ ã¡ããã ããããšæããŸããã¿ãªããã®äžã§åãšã®æçŽããæã¡ã®æ¹ã¯ããšããŒã«ã»ã¬ã¬å€«äººã«ãé£çµ¡ããã ãã圌ã®äŒèšæºåã«ãååããã ããŸããããé¡ãããããŸããããšæžããŠããã
ã¢ã³ãªãšããã»ã¬ã¬ïŒã°ãªã ã¯ãæçŽïŒäžäžéãã®ïŒã®åéãéå§ãããšããããçžæããšã«åé¡ãããã®ã¡ã®ãã©ã³ãœã¯ãŒãºïŒãã¬ãŒãºã»ã·ã£ã«ãã³ãã£ãšã®èª¿æ»ã§ã¯ãã®æ°ã¯177åã«ã®ãŒãããšããŒã«ã»ã¬ã¬ã¯åçš¿ãªã©ã®äžæžããæ®ããŠçœ®ãããšãå€ããããã劻ã®ä»äºã®å©ãã«ãªã£ãã圌女ã¯ãã¬ã¬ã®æçŽã®çžæããæäŸãããæžç°¡ã®å€ããææžãã§æžãåãããããããªã®ãšããŒã«ã»ã¬ã¬ã®ç·ä»£çåºãã€ãšããŠãããã«ã¹ã©ã³ãšã¢ã«ããŒã«ã®ãã°ãã«ã¹èŠªåãä¿ç®¡ããŠããåååŒé¢ä¿ã®æžé¡ã«å ããããããã®ææžã¯äžæ¬ããŠãã³ã·ãŒã®ã©ã»ã¬ã¬ã³ãéãã§ã¬ã¬ã®åšã®äžäººã§ãããªã¥ã·ã«ã»ãã«ããªãŒã倧åã«ä¿ç®¡ããŠãããã®ã (泚ïŒïŒãªã¥ã·ã«ã»ã¬ã¬ïŒãã«ããªãŒå€«äººïŒ1981幎ã«æ»ã¬ãŸã§ã©ã»ã¬ã¬ã³ãéãïŒçªã«å± äœïŒã«ããã°ãå€ãã®æçŽãçããããŠããŸã£ããããããã©ã³ãœã¯ãŒãºïŒãã¬ãŒãºã»ã·ã£ã«ãã³ãã£ãšã«ããã°ãæ¶å€±ããæçŽã®äžã«ãããžã§ã»ãã«ã¯ã¹ã®ãã®ãå«ãŸããŠããã第äºæ¬¡å€§æŠäžãã¬ã¬ã³ãéãïŒçªå°ã®å»ºç©ã¯ãã€ãè»ã«æ¥åããïŒãã€ãè»ã¯äžéã«æ³å»·ãèšçœ®ããããã§å€ãã®æ»åå€æ±ºãåºãããïŒã1955幎ã«å£²åŽãããéã«å€±ããããšãããã¢ã³ãªãšããã»ã¬ã¬ïŒã°ãªã ããããããã¯ããŒã«ã»ãã«ããªãŒã®å©ããåããŠãããªã£ãæçŽã®åé¡ããªããªã£ãïŒãšããŒã«ã»ã¬ã¬ãããžã§ã»ãã«ã¯ã¹ãæžç°¡é(1882-1904)ãåç §ã)ããã©ã³ãœã¯ïŒãã¬ãŒãºã»ã·ã£ã«ãã³ãã£ãšã¯ãã¬ã¬ã®è ¹å¿ããžã§ã»ãã«ã¯ã¹ãšã®æžç°¡ãã泚éãã€ããŠãè¬åçå°å·ããããã®ãã¡ã®äžéšããã³ã·ãŒå€§åŠå³æžé€šã«çŽããããŠãããæ¬äœãããã¡ããããã®è²Žéãªè³æãåç §ããŠããã
ã¬ã¬ã®éä¿¡æã®å€ãã¯ãéåžžã«å¹žããªããšã«ãã©ã³ã¹åœç«å³æžé€šãæèµããŠããããŸãã¢ã«ãããŒã»ãã»ã¹ã¿ãã¹ã©ã¹ããã³ã·ãŒåžç«å³æžé€šã«æèµãããŠããããŸããŸãªæçŽããç 究ã«éèŠãªè³æãšãªã£ãŠãããäžæ¹ãå人æèµãå ¬å£²ã«ãããããæçŽããæçšãªæ å ±ãæäŸããŠãããŠãããæ¬æžã§ã¯ããã®èšå€§ãªæžç°¡ã®äžéšã«ããã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ã§ããªãã£ããå€ãããŸã æªè©³ã®ãŸãŸã§ãããããããªããã1908幎ã«ã¢ã³ãªãšããã»ã¬ã¬ïŒã°ãªã ãè¡šæããé¡ãã«å¿ããããšããŒã«ã»ã¬ã¬ã®äººçãšäœåãæ±ã£ãæ¬æžãçµã¿ç«ãŠãããã«ååãªæ å ±ã¯éãããããšæã£ãŠãããããããæ¬æžã¯äžã€ã®ã¹ãããã«ãããªããäž»èŠãªã¬ã¬ã®æžç°¡ã«ç 究è ãé²èŠ§ã§ããããã«ãªã£ãæã«ã¯ãããã€ãã®ç¹ãããããæããã«ãªãã ãããããšãå°æ¥ããããçºèŠããã£ããšããŠãã15幎åã«å§ããããæ¬ç 究ã®æ¬äœéšåãèŠçŽãããããšã¯ãªãã ããã
ïŒâïŒç« ãžç¶ã